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Oxygen-absorbable light has been observed in the far-ultraviolet to near-infrared regions of the visible spectrum. Absorption in the near-ultraviolet and near-infrared regions of the visible spectrum is very weak. The generation of ozone from oxygen through light absorption mainly occurs in the mid-ultraviolet and far-ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. Conrad-Hanover used 10W and 16W low-pressure mercury lamps in dry air at a linear velocity of 150 ft/min parallel to the lamp axis at temperatures below 25 degrees Celsius. They found that these lamps produced only two spectral lines in the ozone-related regions: one beyond 187 nm, which is absorbed by oxygen, leading to ozone formation; and another at 254 nm, which is absorbed by ozone, leading to ozone decomposition. Theoretically, if all the ultraviolet light produced by the low-pressure mercury lamps were absorbed by oxygen, 1.94 g of ozone could be produced per kilowatt-hour of electricity. In practice, due to limitations in the size of the reaction chamber or pipes, some radiation is absorbed by the reactor or pipe walls. Currently, polished aluminum plates are generally used for the reactor walls to increase ultraviolet reflection, which can significantly improve ozone production efficiency.
However, practice has shown that ultraviolet light is clearly not an effective method for producing large quantities of ozone, at least not until ultraviolet lamps with high wavelength ultraviolet output become inexpensive. However, ultraviolet light is very practical for producing small amounts of ozone, such as in laboratories for sterilizing and deodorizing small samples. The biggest advantage of this method is its good reproducibility, insensitivity to temperature, and ease of controlling ozone production by adjusting the power of the ultraviolet lamp.
