Sep 12, 2014
1. How to choose the right product?The Dow Chemical Liquid Separation Division website provides an interactive product selection guide to assist in selecting DOWEX* ion exchange resins and FILMTEC™ m...
Sep 12, 2014
1. Product Water (Water Flux)Product water (water flux) – refers to the production capacity of a reverse osmosis system, i.e., the amount of water permeating through the membrane per unit time, usual...
Sep 12, 2014
I worked in a thermal power plant for several years, spending about a month and a half in the water treatment workshop learning about water softening. Sometimes I even used resin to soften the water i...
Sep 12, 2014
The design of a reverse osmosis desalination system involves selecting a suitable water treatment process, appropriate membrane elements, determining the number and arrangement of membrane elements, a...
Sep 12, 2014
11. Why is the pH of RO permeate lower than that of the feed water?Understanding the balance between CO2, HCO3−, and CO3＝ provides the best answer to this question. In a closed system, the relative amoun...
Sep 12, 2014
Water hardness refers to the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water. The unit of hardness is ppm, where 1 ppm represents 1 milligram of calcium carbonate per liter (mg/L).Water is classi...
Sep 12, 2014
Selection of Water FluxGiven a fixed product water volume, the selected water flux essentially determines the number of membrane elements required for the reverse osmosis unit. A low water flux requir...
Sep 12, 2014
There are four categories of cleaning methods for removing deposits from fouled membranes: physical cleaning, chemical cleaning, physical-chemical cleaning, and electro-cleaning. This section primaril...
Sep 12, 2014
21. Can the membrane element be exposed to temperatures below freezing?Yes. However, this must be avoided if possible. If the membrane element accidentally freezes, it must be thawed slowly before use...
Sep 12, 2014
The following lists the meanings and units of all symbols (unless dimensionless):<>A: Absorbance (Equations 3.1, 3.2); also referred to as areaCAN: AcetonitrileB (%B): ...
