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China is a vast country with numerous industries, and customers in different regions have significantly different source water quality and water usage requirements. Therefore, different selection and combination methods are often needed for the three subsystems that make up an ultrapure water system—water pretreatment system, reverse osmosis system, and purification system. Ultrapure water system series launched by various manufacturers based on differences in effluent water quality cannot fully cover the individual needs of different customers. Therefore, we provide this selection guide for reference, hoping to help you choose the best cost-effective laboratory water solution.
Table showing the impact of source water quality on RO effluent water quality and filter replacement cycle
Source water quality (TDS) | 100～200ppm | 200～350ppm | 350～500ppm | >500ppm |
Water pretreatment | Standard configuration | Enhanced | Add a water softener | Add a water softener |
RO membrane water production capacity (tons/unit) | 20～30 | 10～20 | 5～15 | 4～10 |
Conductivity of single-stage RO pure water (μs/cm) | 3～6 | 6～12 | 15～30 | >30 |
Conductivity of secondary RO pure water (μs/cm) | 1～2 | 2～5 | 5～10 | >10 |
Single-stage RO benchtop system; water production capacity of purification column (liters/set) | 4000～6000 | 2000～3000 | 1000～1500 | <1000 |
Single-stage RO floor-standing unit; water production capacity of purification tank (tons/set) | 10～15 | 6～10 | 3～5 | <3 |
A water pre-processor can improve the quality of the source water, extend the lifespan of the subsequent RO membrane, and avoid frequent replacement of the expensive RO membrane. When the source water quality is poor (especially above 400 ppm) and the consumption of pure water is large, a fully automatic water softener should be considered; otherwise, the RO membrane will require frequent replacement due to scaling.
As shown in the table above, the RO pure water quality is correspondingly poor when the source water quality is poor. If the RO pure water quality cannot meet the needs of laboratory teachers, they will have to use UP ultrapure water, leading to frequent replacement of UP purification columns and increased operating costs. In this case, the following two solutions can be considered:
(1) Modify the single-stage RO system into a dual-stage RO system, which can significantly improve the RO pure water quality to meet the water quality requirements of experimental water;
(2) Selecting a UPL floor-standing ultrapure water system: The UPL floor-standing ultrapure water system features a purification tank that allows customers to replace the resin themselves, replacing the disposable purification columns used in benchtop ultrapure water systems. This purification tank contains more than 10 liters of refined resin, and its performance is equivalent to about 25 ordinary purification columns (resin filling volume is about 0.4 liters/column). However, the cost of replacing 10 liters of resin (about 1,000 yuan) is only equivalent to the cost of replacing 7 to 8 purification columns. Compared with using a traditional benchtop ultrapure water system, the UPL floor-standing ultrapure water system can save you more than 60% in consumable costs.
