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Microfiltration (MF), also known as microporous filtration, is a type of precision filtration. Its basic principle is a sieve-like separation process. Driven by a pressure difference, solvent and small solute particles in the feed solution permeate from the high-pressure feed side to the low-pressure side through the membrane. The resulting liquid is generally called the filtrate or permeate, while larger particles are retained by the membrane, achieving solution purification. In addition to this, there is adsorption and bridging retention on the membrane surface, as well as retention within the membrane's internal network. Because of its fixed pore size, microporous membranes ensure filtration precision and reliability. The water treatment center pioneered microfiltration technology in China in the 1980s.
Characteristics of Microfiltration Technology:
Microfiltration membrane materials are divided into two main categories: organic and inorganic. Organic polymers include cellulose acetate, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polyamide. Inorganic membrane materials include ceramics and metals. The membrane pore size is approximately 0.1–10 μm, and its operating pressure is around 0.01–0.2 MPa. Microfiltration processes can be divided into two types: dead-end filtration and cross-flow filtration. In dead-end filtration, solvent and solute particles smaller than the membrane pores permeate through the membrane under pressure, while solute particles larger than the pores are retained and typically accumulate on the membrane surface. Over time, the number of particles accumulated on the membrane surface increases, and the membrane permeability decreases. At this point, it is necessary to stop the process, clean the membrane surface, or replace the membrane. Cross-flow filtration, on the other hand, involves the feed liquid flowing parallel to the membrane surface under pressure, carrying away the retained particles and thus maintaining a low level of membrane fouling.
