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According to recent materials from Xiamen City, membrane separation technology can recycle electroplating raw materials (precious metals such as nickel and chromium, and purified water), significantly reducing production costs. Furthermore, it can achieve zero or minimal discharge of electroplating wastewater, offering substantial economic and environmental benefits.
The electroplating industry is a major processing industry in my country. It is roughly estimated that there are over 15,000 electroplating plants nationwide, discharging approximately 400 million tons of electroplating wastewater annually, of which about 130 million tons are from nickel plating. Because electroplating wastewater contains heavy metals and various chemical raw materials added during the electroplating process, it is classified as high-concentration, recalcitrant industrial wastewater and high-concentration toxic and harmful wastewater. Without treatment, it will cause serious environmental pollution and pose a significant threat to human health. Currently, pollution control facilities in the domestic electroplating industry primarily employ end-of-pipe chemical treatment methods. While these methods may achieve discharge standards, they cannot reduce the amount of electroplating solutions used and the volume of wastewater discharged at the source. Therefore, to implement cleaner production in the electroplating industry, it is essential to reform the process flow and reduce pollutant generation at the source and during the process.
Membrane separation technology, as a high-tech application, is superior to traditional treatment processes in electroplating wastewater treatment, offering significant economic and environmental benefits. Successful demonstration projects exist in Xiamen, such as the nickel plating wastewater membrane separation and recycling systems built by Xiamen Weisbang Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd. for Xiamen Jinbaoyuan Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen Yirui Shelving Co., Ltd., and Luda (Xiamen) Industrial Co., Ltd., and the nickel plating rinsing water membrane separation and recycling system built by Xiamen Lvchuang Technology Co., Ltd. for Xiamen Xinjianya Plastics Co., Ltd.
The Xiamen membrane separation technology process involves a countercurrent rinsing process that collects the plating solution carried out of the plating bath into a collection tank, using MF and UF as pretreatment and safety systems for the RO membrane modules. A high-pressure pump system raises the pressure inside the membrane to 1.2 MPa, separating the material into permeate for reuse in the rinsing process, and concentrate returned to the collection tank, thus forming a closed-loop circulation system. When the TDS of the concentrate in the collection tank rises to 6000-8000 ppm, the concentrate can be pumped back to the nickel plating tank for reuse in production. Tests have shown that this process not only has no adverse effects on electroplating, but also recovers precious metals and water resources from electroplating wastewater, achieving zero or minimal discharge of electroplating wastewater, and does not form heavy metal sludge or residue.
