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Equilibrium exchange capacity represents the number of exchange groups participating in the reaction per unit mass or unit volume of resin when equilibrium is reached. It indicates the amount of a certain exchange ion adsorbed by the resin when equilibrium is reached under specific external solution conditions, and is an important parameter of ion exchange reactions. Equilibrium exchange capacity is related to equilibrium conditions and is not a constant value. Different equilibrium conditions result in different equilibrium exchange capacities. Under the same conditions, different resins also have different equilibrium exchange capacities, reflecting differences in the resin's chemical properties.
Regeneration exchange capacity refers to the resin's exchange capacity under a certain amount of regenerant. In an ion exchange device, when the concentration of exchanged ions in the effluent reaches a certain concentration, this point is called the break-through point or the flow-through point. When the flow-through point is reached, the resin must be regenerated. In practical applications, due to economic considerations, it is often impossible to restore the activity of all saturated groups in the ion exchange resin; only a certain percentage of saturated groups are restored. Therefore, the amount of regenerant has a significant impact on the resin's working exchange capacity and is crucial for the normal operation of the ion exchange device.
Generally, the total exchange capacity, working exchange capacity, and regeneration exchange capacity are proportionally related as follows:
Regeneration exchange capacity = (0.5 - 1.0) / Total exchange capacity
Working exchange capacity = (0.3 - 0.9) / Regeneration exchange capacity
Utilization rate of ion exchange resin = Working exchange capacity / Regeneration exchange capacity
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